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PHP Short Notes(complete basic information)

fUkssrPqs1 — Wed, 05 Jun 2019 12:04:59 +0000

What is Php

Php is a Server-side Programming/Scripting language designed to be used for writing software in the widest variety of application domains. Php stands for Hypertext Preprocessor but its original name is Personal Home Page. Rasmus Lerdorf developed this language in 1994. Php runs on various platform such as Window, Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, etc. PHP is faster than other scripting languages like ASP and JSP. Php is compatible with almost server Apache, IIS etc.Php 7.2.0 is the latest version of Php. PHP is an open source general-purpose scripting language and its file extension is . (dot)php. Php is especially well versed for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.

Let’s take an example:





    

        Example

    

    

        

            echo "Hello, My first PHP script!";

        ?>

Output: Hello, My first PHP script.

There are three main uses of PHP

Server-side script: This is the most common field for PHP. for the function of server-side scripting it requires: the PHP parser that is CGI (common gateway interface), a web server and a web browser. You can run the PHP server after the installation. You can access the PHP program output with a web browser or page with the server. All these can run on your personal computer or laptop.
Command line script: You can make a PHP program to run it without any server or browser. To run the program, you only need the PHP parser. These programs can also be used for simple tasks.
Writing desktop applications: PHP is mainly not considered the very best language to create a desktop application with a graphical user interface, but it has some advanced features which you can use in your client-side applications.

Some other uses of the PHP are:

Create dynamic page
Handle button click
Make a database application
Client or server application
Student registration application
Online course
Online shopping cart
Chat rooms

Characteristic of Php

In PHP you have the freedom to choose web server and operating system. As it has some flexible and best characteristics that make it use easily.

Simple
Efficient
Secure
Flexible
Familiar/Easy

Php in Web Development

PHP Code

PHP is an open source language that’s why it is widely used in web development nowadays. Using PHP you can create dynamic websites easily. But you must have the basic knowledge of following technologies for PHP web development as well.

HTML
CSS
JavaScript
Ajax
XML and JSON
jQuery

How to Install Php

In order to develop and run PHP Programs, three important components need to be installed on your computer system.

Web Server − PHP will work with almost all Web Server software, including Microsoft’s Internet Information Server (IIS) but most often used is freely available Apache Server.

To download Apache for free − https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

Database − PHP will work with almost all database software, including Oracle but mostly used is freely available MySQL database.

To download MySQL for free here − https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

PHP Parser − In order to process PHP programs instructions a parser must be installed to generate HTML output so that it can be sent to the Web Browser. Given below steps will help you to know how to install PHP parser on your computer.

PHP Parser Installation

Before you proceed it is important to make sure that you have a proper environment set up on your desktop or laptop to develop your web programs using PHP.

Type the following address into your browser’s address box.

http://127.0.0.1/info.php

If the page displays PHP installation related information then it means you have PHP and Web Server installed properly. If not, you have to follow the given procedure to install PHP on your computer.

Apache Configuration

If you are using Apache Web Server then follow these guidelines to edit Apache Configuration Files.

PHP.INI File Configuration

PHP.INI is the PHP configuration file which is the final and most immediate way to affect PHP’s functionality.

Windows IIS Configuration

To configure IIS on your Windows you can refer your IIS Reference Manual come along with IIS.

To install PHP, we will suggest you install AMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP) software stack. This is available for all operating systems.

There are several AMP options available in the market below:

WAMP for Windows Os
LAMP for Linux Os
MAMP for Mac Os
SAMP for Solaris Os
FAMP for FreeBSD
XAMPP (Cross, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl) for Cross-Platform: It includes some other components also such as OpenSSL, Webalizer, Mercury Mail, etc.

If you are using Windows and don’t want Perl and other features of XAMPP, you should go for WAMP. In a similar way, you may use a LAMP for Linux and MAMP for Macintosh.

Syntax of PHP

PHP Syntax

All PHP code goes between the PHP tag. Syntax of PHP tags is given below:

//your code here

?>

Write your first program in PHP, which you can run easily. For writing a Code on PHP you can use Notepad or Notepad++ editor.

Example: Echo “My 1st Php program”; ?>

Result (output)= My 1st Php

# The statements or expression in PHP is terminated by a semicolon(;)

Commenting in PHP

For single line comment(# or //): It is used to make a particular line as a comment.

  # This is a comment, and # This is the second line of the comment // This is a comment too. Each style comments only print "An example with single line comments"; ?> For multiple line comment( enclosed between /* */)   /* This is a comment with multiline Author: Mohammad Mohtashim      Purpose: Multiline Comments Demo       Subject: PHP   */    print "An example with multi-line comments"; ?>

Php is case sensitive

Yes, PHP is case sensitive. Take a look at this example:

$rupees = 67; print("Variable rupees is $rupees
"); print("Variable Rupees is $Rupees
"); ?>

The output of the code:

Variable rupees is 67

Variable Rupees is

Curly braces make blocks of statements

Although statements cannot be combined like expressions, you can always put a sequence of statements in a set of curly braces(opening{ and }closing braces).

Example:

if (4 == 2 + 2)   print("correct.
"); if (4 == 2 + 2) {   print("yeah I haven't totally");   print("lost my mind.
"); }

PHP Variable Types

Variable is the main way to store information in the middle of a PHP program.

Here are the most important points to know about variables in PHP.

All variables in PHP are denoted with a dollar sign ($).

The value of a variable is of its most recent assignment.

Variables are assigned with the (equal to)= operator, the left-hand side and the expression to be evaluated on the right.

Variables can be declared before the assignment but not mandatory.

Variables in PHP do not have a prior definition means a variable does not know in advance whether it is going to store a number or a string of characters.

Variables have their default values before they are assigned to use.

PHP can automatically convert types from one to another when necessary.

PHP variables are like Perl variables.

Php Data Types

PHP has a total of eight data types which is used to construct variables −

Integers − are whole numbers like 2125.

Doubles − are floating-point numbers, decimal numbers like 2.14159 or 47.1.

Booleans −It holds only two values, either TRUE or FALSE.

NULL − It is a special type that only has one value: “NULL”.

Strings − are sequences of characters like ‘PHP supports boolean operations.’

Arrays − Store multiple elements of similar data type under a single variable.

Objects − These are defined as instances of user-defined classes that can hold both values and functions

Resources − These are basically used to store references to some function call or to external PHP resources

The first five are simple types, and the next two (arrays and objects) are compound – the compound types that allow for multiple items of the same type to be collected under a single entity, whereas the simple types cannot.

Variable Scope

The scope of a variable can be defined as the range of availability to the program in which it is declared. PHP variables have four scope types −

Local variables: A variable declared within the function.

Function parameters: it is a local variable whose value is passed to the function by calling code.

Global variables: declared outside of any function and represent by Global keyword.

Static variables: when a function is completed normally its variable is deleted. Sometimes you want a local variable not to delete for that you can use static. Represent by Static keyword.

Variable Naming

How to name a variable −

Variable names must start with a letter or underscore character.

A variable name can be consist of numbers, letters, underscores but cannot use characters like + , – , % , ( , ) . & , etc.

There is no size limit is defined for variables and also it cannot start with a number.

Php constant types

A constant is an identifier or a simple names assigned any fixed value. A constant value cannot change during the execution or runtime and also a case. -sensitive. By default, constants are always uppercase. It is global and can be used across the entire PHP script.

Php Operator Types

Operators are used to performing operations on variables and values.

PHP divides the operators into the following groups:

Arithmetic operators

Assignment operators

Comparison operators

Increment/Decrement operators

Logical operators

String operators

Array operators

Arithmetic operators

These arithmetic operators are used to perform common arithmetical operations with a numeric value, such as multiplication, division, subtraction, and addition.

Let assume A=10 and B=20.

Operator Description Example

+ Adds two operands A + B will give 30

– Subtracts second operand from the first A – B will give -10

* Multiply both operands A * B will give 200

/ Divide numerator by the denominator B / A will give 2

% Modulus Operator and the remainder of after a division B % A will give 0

Assignment operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to assign a value to a variable.

Operator Same as Description

X=Y X=Y Left side operand gets to set the value of assignment expression of the right side.

X+=y X=X+Y Addition

X-=Y X=X-Y Subtraction

X*=Y X=X*Y Multiplication

X/=Y X=X/Y Division

X%=Y X=X%Y Modulus

Comparison operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values whether it is number or string.

Operator Description Example

== Returns true if $A is equal to $B $A == $B

!= Returns true if $A is not equal to $B $A != $B

> Returns true if the value of the left operand has greater than the value of the right operand $A > $B

< Returns true if the value of the left operand has less than the value of the right operand $A < $B

>= Return true if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand $A >= $B

<= Return true if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand $A <= $B

=== Return true if the $A is equal to $B and of the same type $A===$B

Increment/Decrement operators

The PHP increment operators are used to increase a variable’s value.

The PHP decrement operators are used to decrease a variable’s value

Operator Name Description

++$a Pre-increment Increments $a by one, then returns $a

$a++ Post-increment Returns $a, then increments $a by one

–$a Pre-decrement Decrements $a by one, then returns $a

$a– Post-decrement Returns $a, then decrements $a by one

Logical operators

These logical operators are used to combine the statements.

Operator Name Example Result

and And $a and $b True if both $a and $b are true

or Or $ or $b True if either $a or $b are true

xor Xor $a xor $b True if either $a or $b is true, but not both

&& And $a&&$b True if both $a and $b are true

|| Or $a || $b True if either $a or $b is true

! Not !$a True if $a is not true

String operators

PHP has two operators for strings.

Operator Name Description

. Concatenation Used to join the statements

.= Concatenation assignment Append two statements

Array operators

Operator Name Example Result

+ Union $a + $b Union of $a and $b

== Equality $a == $b Returns true if $a and $b have the same value pairs

=== Identity $a === $b Returns true if $a and $b have the same value pairs in the same order and of the same types

!= Inequality $a!=$b Returns true if $a is not equal to $b

<> Inequality $a<>$b Returns true if $a is not equal to $b

!== Not identity $a!==$b Returns true if $a is not identical to $b

Php Conditional statements

In PHP we have the following conditional statements:

if statement

It only executes code if condition is true

Syntax of if statement

if(condition)

{

//code;

}

if…else statement

It executes if code when a condition is true and else code when that condition is false

Syntax of if…else statement

if (condition) {

   //code;

} else {

   code to be executed if the condition is false;

}

if…elseif….else statement

Execution of different programs for more than two conditions.

if…else….else statement Syntax

if (condition) {

   code to be executed if this condition is true;

} elseif (condition) {

   code to be executed if this condition is true;

} else {

   code to be executed if all conditions are false;

}

Switch statement

The switch statement is to select the block of code for different conditions. Selects one of many blocks of code to be executed according to the conditions.

switch (n) {

case 1:

    code to be executed if n=label1;

    break;

   case 2:

code to be executed if n=label2;

   break;

   case 3:

code to be executed if n=label3;

   break;

   …

default:

    code to be executed if n is different from all labels;

}

Take a example of Switch case





        $day = date(“D”);

        switch ($day){

           case “Mon”:

              echo “Today is Monday”;

              break;

           case “Tue”:

              echo “Today is Tuesday”;

              break;

            case “Wed”:

              echo “Today is Wednesday”;

              break;

           case “Thu”:

              echo “Today is Thursday”;

              break;

           case “Fri”:

              echo “Today is Friday”;

              break;

             case “Sat”:

              echo “Today is Saturday”;

              break;

           case “Sun”:

              echo “Today is Sunday”;

              break;

           default:

              echo “ohhh! which day is this ?”;

        }

     ?>



Output: Today is Monday

PHP Script

Php Loops

Often when you write a code and want to run the code over and over again. For the execution of the same code again we can use looping. In PHP we have the following looping statements:

While

Do while

For

Foreach

While loop:

This loop executes the block of code as long as the specified condition is true.

Syntax:

while(condition)

{

Code to be executed;

}

Do while loop:

This loop executes the code once then after it will check the condition.

do{

Code to be executed;

}

while(condition)

For loop:

This loop runs the code at a specified number of times.

Syntax

for(initialization; test counter;increment)

{

Code to be executed;

}

Foreach loop

This loop is used through arrays.

Syntax

(array as value)

{

Code to be executed;

}

Php Functions

Php has more than a functions built-in function that is the real power of the PHP. The best thing with PHP is that we can create a function also that is known as a user-defined function.

PHP Function

A user-defined function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program.

It will not immediately execute when a page loads.

It will be executed by a call to the function.

Php user-defined functions

A user-defined function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program.

It will not immediately execute when a page loads.

It will be executed by a call to the function.

Create a user-defined function in PHP

A user-defined function declaration begins with the word function.

Syntax

function function name()

{

Code to be executed;

}

A function name can be started with an underscore or letter but not with the number. By convention, the function name is not case sensitive.Give a function that name which reflects what it does.

Let’s take an example



     </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Writing PHP Function</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">





     php

        /* Defining a PHP Function */

        function writeMsg() {

           echo “You are really a nice person, Have a nice day!”;

        }

        /* Calling a PHP Function */

        writeMsg();

     ?>



Output: You are really a nice person, Have a nice day!

Php function Arguments

An argument is just like a variable and the information is passed to function through it. You can add as many arguments as you want just by separating them with a comma.

Take an example:

function familyName($fname) {

   echo “$fname devenson.
”;

}

familyName(“Jani”);

familyName(“Hege”);

familyName(“Stale”);

familyName(“Kai”);

familyName(“Borge”);

?>

Output:

Jani Devenson.

Hege Devenson.

Stale Devenson.

Kai Devenson.

Borge Devenson.

Php default Argument value

If we call the function without argument it will take the default value.

function setheight($height = 50) {

   echo “The height is : $height
”;

}

setheight(250);

setheight();

setheight(235);

setheight(180);

?>

output: The height is: 250

The height is: 50

The height is: 235

The height is: 180

Passing Arguments by Reference

It is possible to pass arguments to the tasks by reference. This means that instead of copying the value of the variable, the function’s reference to the variables is manipulated.

If any changes made to an argument in these cases will change the value of the original variable. You can pass an argument by reference by adding the ampersand (&) to the variable name in the function call or function definition.

Php function returning value

To let the function return value, use the return statement.

function sum($a, $b) {

   $c = $a + $b;

   return $c;

}

echo “15+ 50 = ” . sum(15, 50) . “
”;

echo “17 + 23 = ” . sum(17, 23) . “
”;

echo “12 +2 4 = ” . sum(12, 24);

?>

Output:

It will return the value

15 + 50 = 65

17 + 23 = 40

12 +2 4 =3 6

Php Arrays

PHP Array

An array is a special variable which can store multiple values of the same data types and you can access the values by using to an index number. The array is created by using an array() function.There are three types of the array in PHP

Indexed arrays or Numeric arrays

Associative arrays

Multidimensional arrays

Indexed arrays or Numeric arrays

An array with a numeric index in which values are stored and accessed in a linear fashion.

Example:

In php it assigned automatically

$days = array(“Mon”, “Tue”, “Wed”);

Index assign manually:

$days[0] = “Mon”;

$days[1] = “Tue”;

$days[2] = “Wed”;

Associative arrays

An array with strings as an index in which element values are stored in association with key values.

Example:

$age = array(“Rohan”=>”35”, “Shyam”=>”37”, “Sunil”=>”43”);

Or

$age[‘Rohan’] = “35”;

$age[‘Shyam’] = “37”;

$age[‘Sunil’] = “43”;

Multidimensional arrays

It contains one or more arrays and the values are accessed using multiple indices.

Example:

$cars = array

(

array(“Toyota”,22,18),

array(“BMW”,15,13),

array(“Mercedes”,5,2),

array(“Land Rover”,17,15)

);

To access the values we have to set it in the form of row and column.

$cars = array

(

array(“Toyota”,22,18),

array(“BMW”,15,13),

array(“Mercedes”,5,2),

array(“Land Rover”,17,15)

);

echo $cars[0][0].”: In stock: “.$cars[0][1].”, sold: “.$cars[0][2].”.
”;

echo $cars[1][0].”: In stock: “.$cars[1][1].”, sold: “.$cars[1][2].”.
”;

echo $cars[2][0].”: In stock: “.$cars[2][1].”, sold: “.$cars[2][2].”.
”;

echo $cars[3][0].”: In stock: “.$cars[3][1].”, sold: “.$cars[3][2].”.
”;

?>

Output:

Toyota: In stock: 22, sold: 18.

BMW: In stock: 15, sold: 13.

Mercedes: In stock: 5, sold: 2.

Land Rover: In stock: 17, sold: 15.

To get the length of the array count() function is used.

Php sort function for Arrays

sort() – This function is used to sort arrays in ascending order

rsort() – It is used to sort arrays in descending order

asort() – This is to sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value

ksort() – To sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key

arsort() – This function is used to sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value

krsort() – It is used to sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key

PHP Global Variables- SuperglobalsVarious predefined variables in PHP are “superglobals” means they are always accessible regardless of scope, it can access from any file, function or class. These are as follows:

$GLOBALS

$_SERVER

$_REQUEST

$_POST

$_GET

$_FILES

$_ENV

$_COOKIE

$_SESSION

Get and Post Method

PHP Method

There are two ways by which the browser can send information to the web server.

The GET Method: It requests data from a particular resource.

The POST Method: It submits data to be processed to a particular resource.

The GET MethodThe GET method sends the encoded user information attached to the page request. Page and encoded information are separated by? Character.

GET method produces a long string appearing in your server log in the Browser’s Location: box.

The GET method is restricted to sending up to 1024 characters only.

Never use the GET method if you have passwords or other sensitive information sent to the server.

GET cannot be used to send binary data, such as a picture or word document to the server.

Data sent by GET method can be accessed using the QUERY_STRING environment variable.

The $ _GET companion array provides access to all sent information using PHP GET method.

The POST MethodPOST method transfers information through HTTP header. The information described in the case of GET method has been coded and is placed in the title named QUERY_STRING.

There is no restriction on the data size to be sent to the POST method.

The POST method can be used to send ASCII and binary data.

The data sent by POST method goes through the HTTP header hence the security depends on the HTTP protocol. By using secure HTTP you can ensure that your information is safe.

The $ _POST provides associative array for accessing all sent information using PHP POST method.

The $_REQUEST variable

The PHP $ _REQUEST variable contains content of $ _GET, $ _POST and $ _COOKIE. When we tell about cookies, we will discuss the $ _COOKIE variable.

PHP $ _REQUEST variable can be used to get results from form data sent with both GET and POST methods.

File Handling in PHP

Opening a file: fopen()

Reading a file: fread()

Writing a file: fwrite()

Closing a file: fclose()

Opening and Closing of fileThe fopen () function is used to open a file. In order to operate the first file name and the mode, two arguments are required.It is important to close the file with the fclose () function after making the changes in the opened file. The fclose () function requires file pointer as its argument and then returns back when it is closed or failed.

Reading a FileOnce a file is opened using the Fopen () function, it can be read with a function called Fread () and two arguments are required. These file pointer and bytes should have the length of the file being expressed.Files can be found using the filesize () function, which takes the file name as its arguments and returns the size of the file expressed in the bytes.

Writing a file

A new file can be written or text can be added to the existing file using the fwrite () function. For this function, two arguments that specify the file indicator and the string of data that are required to be written. Alternatively, a third integer argument can be used to specify the length of the data to write. If the third argument is included, the writing will be closed after reaching the specified length.

Take a look of a few programs which are mentioned below:

For loop

for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {

echo “The number is: $x
”;

}

?>

Output:

The number is: 0

The number is: 1

The number is: 2

The number is: 3

The number is: 4

The number is: 5

The number is: 6

The number is: 7

The number is: 8

The number is: 9

The number is: 10

While loop

$x = 1;

while($x <= 5) {

echo “The number is: $x
”;

$x++;

}

?>

Output

The number is: 1

The number is: 2

The number is: 3

The number is: 4

The number is: 5

Array

$cars = array(“Volvo”, “BMW”, “Toyota”);

$arrlength = count($cars);

for($x = 0; $x < $arrlength; $x++) {

   echo $cars[$x];

   echo “
”;

}

?>

Output

Volvo

BMW

Toyota

File handling

$myfile = fopen(“dictionary.txt”, “r”) or die(“Unable to open file!”);

echo fread($myfile,filesize(“dictionary.txt”));

fclose($myfile);

?>

Output

Unable to open file!

The post PHP Short Notes(complete basic information) appeared first on Pentoday.

Literature in india ( From Vedic Era Till Today )

fUkssrPqs1 — Thu, 14 Feb 2019 10:30:57 +0000

Indian literature had always more than a mystery, According to Britishers, It is difficult to know the past of Indian literature. But it is not true because Sanskrit literature begins with the oral literature of the Rig Veda which is 1500–1200 BCE old.

The Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata appeared from the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, which proves that India and Indian literature are always good. The partition segments of literature can be look in India.

Sanskrit is the mother of all languages, In now a day, there is a lot of languages/ way or writing is present in our society.

Before knowing literature, you must have to take a look at languages:

Mainly there are two types of language division

In archaic Indian languages

Common Indian languages

Archaic Indian languages Common Indian languages

Vedic literature Indian Persian literature

Epic Sanskrit literature English literature from North East India

Classical Sanskrit literature Hindi literature, English literature, Urdu literature,

Prakrit literature Every state of India having different literature i.e. Bhojpuri (In Bihar), Panjabi (In Punjab), Tamil (In Tamil Nadu)

Pali literature Assamese, Bengali, Chhattisgarhi, Gujarati, Kodava literature and many more like Telugu, Sindhi, Odia, Mizo.

The time period of origin of Indian Literature Era

origin of Indian Literature

Literature in Kannada and Telugu appeared in 9th and 11th centuries respectively.

After that literature in Marathi, Odia and Bengali appeared.

In the 20th Century, Rabindranath Tagore becomes India’s first Nobel laureate.

Vedic literature (1500–1200 BCE)

Vedic literature (1500–1200 BCE)

Now you are going to know about Vedic Era Literature, Which is as well know as Human revolution Era. On the basis of literary evidence, the Vedic period in the second and first millennia B.C.E. continuing up to sixth-century B.C.E.

According to the Archaeological department, Vedic civilization was center in the northern and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. Ancient India contains various kingdoms, from ca. 600 B.C.E. rise of the Mahajanapadas and Maurya Empire from (ca. 320 B.C.E.) is the classical age of Sanskrit literature.

The ancient world was more interconnected to space and continent because of that human civilization is the result of mixing ideas across geopolitical borders.

The Vedic word comes from Vedas, a religious texts originating in ancient India. Which is written in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts written in the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature, oldest scriptures of Hinduism?

According to Hinduism culture Vedas to be Apauruseya (not of a man), Vedic literature is a big mystery in Today’s literature because it is authorless.

Example: Sulba Sutras is related to geometry (Mathematical calculation) which very coming from the Vedic period.

Disputed Aryan invasion theory related to the Vedic period. According to theory, North India was originally inhabited by darker-skinned Dravidians(Indus Valley founder).

According to Iranian regions, Indo-European languages derived from their ancient tongue are linguistic cousins, this shows Vedas connection to Zoroastrianism ancient Iranian religion.

On the evidence of Pococke, the “language” and “philosophy” and “religion,” the “rivers,” “mountains” words show that Greece was colonized from India. Pococke also believes that Indian visited and contributed to Ancient Egyptian civilization.

The Historical literature part of Vedic India

Vedic Literature have a very wide concept but you can understand easily on the basis of there classification in five chronological veins:

Rigvedic Period of Literature

Rigvedic Period of Literature

Rigveda is an example of Vedic texts, contain many common Indo-Iranian elements in both term language and in content, Which are not present in any other Vedic texts.

The history of Rig-Veda creation must have taken place over several centuries from part” 1 to 10 ” complete by 1000 B.C.E. Archaeologically. This era is as well know as Gandhara Grave Culture but not widely accept by Indus Valley Civilization on the basis of evidence.

Mantra Language/Literature

Atharvaveda

Mantra and prose language of the Atharvaveda, are considered in Mantra Literature. But Samaveda Samhita 75 mantras not in Rigveda, many of these texts are largely derived from the Rigveda but that’s not exactly matching with language.

Change word

Vishva (All)in the modern era was replaced by Sarva.

This time period Was Iron age in north-western India, Black and Red Ware (BRW) culture as the kingdom of the Kurus( ca. 10-century B.C.E ).

For information: Atharvaveda contains a great deal of medical knowledge (Ayurvedic healing is modern words).

Samhita prose( Before or since Vedic era)

The Samhita prose

Samhita means “put together, joined”, as well refers to the most ancient layer of text in the Vedas. Methodical Shastra, sutra or Sanskrit Epic, along with Vedic texts, can be known a Samhita.

Samhita is divided in 4 contemporary literature Vedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda). It is the oldest living part of Hindu tradition. Very few Samhita is in existence must have been lost at some point or over a period of Indian history.“Yajurveda belongs to Samhita Prose period.”

Brahmana prose(Focus on Chhandas, Precise pitch)

Brahmana prose

Aranyakas, Shrautasutras (BSS, VadhSS), Upanishads (BAU, ChU, JUB) along with Vedas are related to Brahmana prose era.

You can see such words and lines:

यदेतद्धृदयं तव तदस्तु हृदयं मम ।

यदिदं हृदयं मम तदस्तु हृदयं तव ॥

On the basis of the Oldest Brahmana

Chandogya Brahmana is the oldest tell about the eight Suktas for the ceremony of marriage and birth of child rituals.

Sutra language( c.500 B.C.E)

Buddhist language

The Sutra language has contained many Sutra of the bulk and Grhya Sutras and few parts of Upanishads (Kathu, Maitri).

But the five prose Upanishads are post-Buddhist, North Bihar is the 3rd political center.

During this time the Srauta Sutras, Grihya Sutras, and Upanishads had composed.

Epic and Paninian Sanskrit (Post Vedic)

Panini

The time after 500 B.C.E. Archaeologically, the language of the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics on Classical Sanskrit described by Panini.

All North India belongs to this period in which Vedanta, Gautama Buddha, and the Pali Prakrit dialect of Buddhist scripture belong.

End of the Vedic period records is present in history, scarce throughout the Indian Middle Ages. End of a Vedic era marked on the basis of linguistic, cultural and political changes.

Final epic is set by panini after doing codification of sutra text, that time is famous as the beginning of Classical Sanskrit/ Panini Sanskrit.

The end of the Vedic Period Civilization in India created big changes in the literature world. The invention of the Indus valley by Darius 1 in the 6th century is the proof of Post Vedic period.

Due to the great contribution of panini, this time period is known as Paninian Sanskrit Literature.

Know you have knowledge about the old Vedic Period literature culture.

A quick look at Changing Indian Literature

Epic Sanskrit literature

Sanskrit literature

Epic Sanskrit literature is traditionally known as Kavaya writing because Ramayana and the Mahabharata, which were originally composed in Sanskrit. Tamil Literature and Sangam literature are the oldest surviving epic poems.

Classical Sanskrit literature

Classical Sanskrit literature

If you want to read the classical Sanskrit literature then read Raghuvamsha (Dynasty of Raghu) written by famous poet Kālidāsa. Classical Sanskrit started through Kalidas and carrying by Panini.

Chanakya’s Arthashastra and Vatsyayana’s Kamasutra are also present in this language along with English, Hindi and many more language.

Sub-division of classical literature

Prakrit literature

Pali literature

1.Prakrit literature

The Notable Prakrit language Jain Prakrit, Pali, Maharashtra, and Shauraseni. Modern scholars have used the term “Prakrit” on the basis of two concepts:

* A group of closely- related literary languages.

* Used as a primary language of entire poems.

– Ashoka’s inscriptions

– An inscription of Indian literature.

– Kavya-Darsha (c. 700) mentions 4 sub-branch of literary languages: Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsha, and mixed.

– In the 11th century, Bhoja’s Sarasvati-Kanthabharana said these languages suitable for the composition of literature.

– In 1676, Mirza Khan’s (Tuhfat al-hind) give three kinds of name to Prakrit.

Few languages which are labeled as “Prakrit” in modern time are: Apabhramśa, Ardhamagadhi, Dramili, Elu, Gandhari, Kamarupi, Magadhi, Maharashtra, Paishachi, Pali, Shauraseni

2. Pali literature

Pali Literature includes Buddhist philosophical works, mostly produced outside of the mainland Indian subcontinent like Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.

The major part of Pali language functions is co-ordinate to Jataka tales, Dhammapada, Atthakatha, and Mahavamsa.

Pali Literature Categories

Pali literature wrote in Sri Lanka because at that time Sri Lanka became the headquarters of Theravada for centuries. The chronicle of Buddhism in India and Ceylon work on the standard summary of the traditional interpretation in the 4th or 5th century. At the end of the 13th century, Pali literature in Sri Lanka went into a steep decline because of Buddhist literature(in Sinhalese).

Theravada Canon

Pali literature constitutes Pāli Canon on scriptures of Theravada school(Buddhist culture extended the brand in the recent era).

The Pāli Canon is classified into three Pitakas

i) Vinaya Pitaka (monastic rules)

ii) Sutta Pitaka (Info about discipline)

iii) Abhidhamma Pitaka (deals psychological works)

* Commentarial literature:

Atthakatha refers to Pali-language Theravadin Buddhist commentaries. Traditional interpretations of the scriptures wrote in the last century BCE. According to Theravada tradition, the commentary narrated by five hundred senior monks of First Buddhist council.

* Paracanonical Texts:

The best look to see Paracanonical texts is Khuddaka Nikaya of a language of The Burmese Tipitaka.

New India Literature concept:

Now day Indian literature required in any field of work, Indipandaintent India adopt Hindi as a mother language but it is not valid on the regional area of India. There are 18 official languages are set in our country

Contemporary Literature

In the Postmodern era, the common man has to be socially conscious, to get a good job and life. Malayalam writers like N. Prabhakaran and P. Surendran prefer the term anti-modernism to post-modernism to check out the result on common people way of writing.

In Contemporary India every poet wrote there an article in their regional language along with Hindi sub translation. Few Novel writer Vijaydan Detha (Rajasthani language), Surendra Prakash (Urdu), Jayamohan (Tamil), Debes Ray (Bengali), Shivprasad Singh (Hindi), Nayantara Sahgal (English), V. Bedekar (Marathi).

For today’s era poet try to write in a traditional system along with Modern language.

Dalit Literature

Dalit Literature

The post-modernist era was the emergence of writings for outcasts by major literary force, example word Dalit means downtrodden. Dalit movement was started in the literature by Marathi, Gujarati, and Kannada write under the guidance of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, this is the progressive step of literature.

Progressive Literature

Both Gandhi, Marx, and Lincoln is the father of progressive literature because of their words creation revolution. The main goal of India Literature is to improve awareness of common people. After the great pan-Indian movement Fakir Mohan Senapati (Oriya, 1893-1918) was the first Indian novelist, who added a new socio-political outlook.

The post Literature in india ( From Vedic Era Till Today ) appeared first on Pentoday.

Importance of Technology in Education

fUkssrPqs1 — Sat, 08 Dec 2018 07:45:18 +0000

What is technology? Why is the importance of technology in education? technology includes all the method, manner, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical goals. There is much importance of technology in education, in present time. Education and technology are co-related to each other at this time. You can see anywhere like college, business, Airport, etc.

With the help of technology and education, there are many countries has developed many types of weapons. These weapons that represent the internal power of their country. Its all things are the possible reason for education and technology. I am going to tell you some reason how technology and education depend on each other.

1. According to student need

2. Learning new things

3. New teacher demanding It

4. Easy to study

5. Time-saving

6. Online examination

According to student need

In nowadays technology is growing every day with the help of education. In this modern world, students are like to read books. But he wants to learn everything with practically. Due to this reason, students are liking to engage with technology. Also with study books, technical knowledge is very necessary to develop your technical skill. Because technical knowledge increases the thinking power of your mind.

Technology is good equipment for learning. Education lifestyle has been totally changed by the cause of technology.

Learning New Things

Technology is very helpful in online learning new things. In this present time, the internet is the most popular technology to learn everything. Technology makes your learning process easy. By using technology education process is very comfortable for us. Because technology has developed a different type of education equipment that increases your education level.

online learning

Some educational equipment like a light pen, projector, computer etc.

New Teacher demands It

To see the huge usage of technology in education, technical knowledge required for anyone for any filed like the government sector or the private sector. There are many benefits of technology in education In this time because their totally work depends on technology, The technology movements have been changed have post-secondary education as well as other professional jobs. If you want to increase your work efficiency, technical knowledge be required for you.

Easy to study

Due to technology, the technical education process is very easy. With the help of technology, you can study anywhere at any time for it no needs for books. In this modern world, mobile is a famous technical device at this time which you may be used in the field of education. Almost 95% of people use this technology. It is useful devices for study and also a small device which you can easily manage and carry on anywhere. Besides of study, mobile is a communication device which you can talk easily in the whole world. It makes your work very easier.

study

Time-saving

Technical devices are time-saving equipment, suppose that you required to do a complex mathematical calculation, that does difficult to do manually and It may take a lot of time to do this task. But with the help of technical equipment such as a calculator(technical devices), you can calculate this calculation in a few seconds. Thus technical device saves you more time and it provides safety for your work. A lot of people at this time like to use technical devices. Because the machine is technical devices through which human can do their work fastly.

technology with education

Online Examination

The online examination has organized a test online to measure the knowledge of the participants on a given subject. A few years ago everybody had to collect in a classroom at the same time to take an exam. The online examination has been made very easy examination process. There are many exam papers online to be conducted With the help of technology. Through online examination, students can do the online exam, in their own time and with their own device, in the whole world. Only two things required for online examination first one is an internet connection, second internet supportable devices such as the mobile, tablet, laptop etc.

online examination

Online examination saves a lot of time student and examiner. It provides a good result in minimum time. The online examination process is increasing trends. I hope that technology will do more changement in education, in the future.

Multiple resources of education

There are many technologies available at the present time like a computer, tablet, light pen, laptop, mobile etc. This technology works as a teacher which you did not require a book. It has many entertainment things through which you can enjoy. They not only keep students committed with exciting new features and apps but also have other ways to teach students instruments.

Technology is necessary to succeed in primary or secondary education

Technology is an important concept to learn new things in modern time. If you want to like learn or not technology. But you daily in your life. Children are very attractive to learn any kind of technology. Technology is a primary part of every industry. Without technology, industry work is incomplete. Technology has made self-part of every aspect of our lives today.

Technology made game-based learning education platform

An Intention way to use technology in the classroom, you can prefer a game-based learning platform. The game-based learning platform is a good technology to develop technical skill in children. Because every child is like to play the game. during the game, children have more concentrate your mind on the game. which increase thinking and learning capacity in his mind. In this time a different type of game has made for education purpose. Gaming is the best technology to improve your education level.

Read more: HOW INTERNET IS A TEACHER OF MODERN WORLD?

Conclusion-

I have explained complete information about the importance of technology in education, We have analyzed that education and technology bonding to each other. In the field of education, technology has an important role because It makes easier the education process and provides a better result. With the help of technology, you can save more time. At this time technology grow up each and every day. This information will give you a few new ideas about education and technology. By using technology continue your study is a good utilization of technology. Online examination is one of them. Through which we can attend the exam anywhere. I aspect that technology will come more changement education in feature so that we can make the education process easier.

The post Importance of Technology in Education appeared first on Pentoday.

The importance of education in society and its an advantage

fUkssrPqs1 — Thu, 22 Nov 2018 10:36:25 +0000

Education is a learning cycle which you learn knowledge, value, behavior, and skills to develop your brain. Because education is a way through which you can achieve better skill. Education is a cost less which you can only learn not can buy”. Education provides by educator but you learn this education themselves.

It is an important aspect that plays a big role in the new, industrialized world. People need a good education to spend their living. Fortunately, a lot of people fell how important education is for future generations. Governments investing a lot of money on a good education system.

A good education provides good ideas to spend your life. Education is directly correlated to your life. There are many things available in the whole world. If you thinking about any particular things like train, airplane, and medicine it is a part of education. There are many types of education in society. These education has provided many kinds of things like school, bicycle, mobile, laptop, manner, behavior etc. here is some importance of education in society.

Carrier Advancement

Character building

Backbone of society

Most read: Sex education

Carrier Advancement-

A direct relationship between good job and education. A good education provides a better job to you. Which person required a good job that person need of education. Nowadays the companies are searching to hire an employee who has a high level of education. Although that’s not necessary for all positions, most companies hire candidates which candidates have particular qualifications in their field.

Carrier Advancement

An Educated person may be an expert in a particular field. Yet the experience is the most important factor, nothing compares to having a good degree in a certain field. Education does not mean that spends your time in school and college. It essentially means to develop your skills, motivation, behavior, and self-discipline.

Character Building-

The most important needs of education in character building. Education is one of the most important factors, that creates a difference between you and others people in your society. Because a high-level education provides the best identity along with personality. It tells people important of life values. In this time classroom is a place where the teacher provides an education about some particular things like health, story, history, science etc. To make a different identity in society, first you need to understand the social problem.

Character Building

What is the reason of this problem and how to solve its problems It all things are possible through a good education? A better education system makes a man perfect. To provide a better education for your children you can select the best schools or college. So that he can find a high-level education. A good educational environment is necessary for a better education.

To build carrier: Choose field of study

The backbone of society-

Needs of education is the most important factor to develop your country. To increase the education level in your country, you need to develop new schools and college. So that every person may be educated in your country. An educated person is able to solve every problem in their life easier. To development, your country educated person has a main important role.

society

Modern society is based on that have a high level of education, which can solve different type of problem in a good way. A better education provides a good idea and working approach. Through education, you can tell people about new technology and machine.

If you also want to write then try to follow the guidelines: SIMPLEST WAY TO WRITE ESSAY

An advantage of education-

There are many advantages of education at this time. You can read below.

Employment

Responsibility

discipline

Before knowing these you have to read: Know Own Leadership Quality

Employment-

There are many job opportunity is available for an educated person in modern time. If you are an educated person you can get any types of job which you wanted. You have a different identity in your living environment. The people will take inspiration seeing to you. This person has a spent a lot of time on education. In this time education is a big source of income.

Responsibility-

A complete education teaches you how to manage yourself and be responsible. During the education, you face different types of problem and you spend a lot of time reading books. Education teaches you how to solve complex problems in your life.

Discipline-

Discipline is the most important factor in education. Because education will teach you what is discipline and how will you apply in your life. A better discipline is necessary to improve your character. A disciplined person is respectable in the whole world.

Conclusion

“Above articles we describe education and needs of education. In this modern time, education is a most important topic. The importance of education in society. Present time education is a basic need of every people. This article gives you more ideas on why education is necessary for your daily life. Because education is one of the most important ways to make a better carrier.

The post The importance of education in society and its an advantage appeared first on Pentoday.

Top Difference Between Indian and Western Culture

fUkssrPqs1 — Thu, 01 Nov 2018 11:34:27 +0000

Before we begin with this topic, we must first understand what culture implies. Culture has been defined in a number of styles, but most commonly, as the read and shared role of a community of interacting human beings. Culture defines what people develop to enable them to change to their life, such as language, Food, tools to enable them to survive and gain, customs and traditions that define values and organize social interactions, religious beliefs and rituals, and dress, art, and music to make symbolic and beautiful expressions. Today we are going to illustrate some difference in Indian and Western Culture.

This topic is forever controversial and frankly, but, there is never a winner as to which culture is best. Indian and Western culture are developed in various parts of India and they are different from each other. Indian culture belongs to the traditions, religions and the rules that are followed in India while Western culture is the culture followed in American and the European countries.

So in this article, we are going to show the major difference between Indian culture and western culture.

1)Dressing Style

Attire is the most common and major difference in both the culture. In Indian culture, traditional saree is the most famous choice which is worn in different style. Today’s women choose a fresh path when it comes to dressing. Except for the older age who are traditional and conservative, the saree has been commonly replaced by Churidar-Kurta and the Salwar Kameez. Women of most all the ages starting of 18 years old to 90 years old prefer dressing in Salwaar Kameez for their day to day life. Accessories like bangles,mangalsutra, and a bindi on the forehead usually bring the Indian attire. Dhoti kurta, kurta pajama are the common dress for men.

In western culture, Suits are favored by men during formal occasions, while jeans and t-shirts are used on casual occasions. Gowns, Skirts, Trousers, Jeans, tunics, shorts are among the most regularly worn outfits for women.

2) Dance Forms

The most beautiful part of a culture is many dance forms that the culture supports. Bharatnatyam, Odissi, Kuchipudi, Kathakali or Ghoomer are some of the famous dance forms relating to different states and are danced on classical or folk song. The Classical dance forms are considered as a discipline and a way to give yourself to God with the help of art.

Dance forms in the western are to more upbeat music such as Salsa, Breakdance, Tap dance, Hip-Hop etc but also sometimes represents despair and pain. Dance forms like Ballet show a whole story with a plot.

Now Hip-Hop has become the world by passion, one cannot go an Indian wedding and dance without the classic Thumkas. There’s Salsa, Break Dance, Tap-Dance from the West that makes one want to groove, whereas there’s Bhangra, Garba, Bharatnatyam, Bollywood, and Kuchipudi given by India that adorns the art of dance.

3) Languages

India has approximately 1650 mother tongues, though 150 languages are spoken by the overall population. Hindi is the highly spoken language in India, but there are various other languages which are spoken in different areas like Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Punjabi, Bengali, Bihari, Urdu etc.

English is generally spoken in western countries, supported by French and Spanish. Most of the western countries speak English, French or Spanish as the official language. Latin languages are primarily spoken in the western.

4) Festivals

Festivals are at heart in people’s lives in India Holi, Diwali, Navratri, etc. There a lot of festivals that are based on various events in the past; modern festivals are being held such as Christmas.T he festivals in India are known universal. The brilliant colors of Holi, the bright and shimmering lights of Diwali, savories, and sweets served on Eid and multiple festivals are celebrated with happiness.

In western culture, however, there are only some extremely known festivals. The famous festivals are Christmas, Halloween, Thanksgiving and are known to be not as loud as the festivals of India but have special traditions which are followed on that day like eating Turkey on Thanksgiving, clothing up as zombies and magicians on Halloween and wearing green and drinking green beer on St. Patrick’s day.

5) Food

No one can hold the mouthwatering foods offered by both cultures. Both Indian and Western food have their individual fans.

India- Rice is the staple food around in all the parts of the people. Paratha in the north, Dosas, and idlis in the south, biryani, curries, pickles and countless types of sweets like Kheer, Halwa, Rosogollas, Ladoos, and Gulab Jamuns are some of the other favorite Indian food items.

But, maximum people favor wheat over rice in the West. Pizzas, Burgers, Sandwiches, French fries, Croissants, Pasta, Salads, Soups, Chicken wings, wraps, wine and sweets such as Cakes, Pastries, Puddings, Jellies, Ice cream, and multiple western food items have made their style to demand all across the world.

6) Equality

Women are yet judged unequal and inferior to man though taking of western civilization is changing this idea. We happy Indians of 21st century enjoy in celebrations when a boy is born, and if there is a girl, a silenced or never celebrations is normal. Respect and love for a male child are so important from the past time, we are killing and stopping our girls at birth or before birth.

In the west, Women are equal to men in society. Both man and woman are considered equal. They have equal rights.

7) Marriages



In Indian culture, the wedding is not just the coming together two people or two souls, Indian wedding also brings two families closer. Arranged marriages are most common in India, compared to love marriage. Parents and other families decide on a life partner that they think perfect for their child. They have in mind different factors, different for boys and girls while searching for a perfect match to join their names with. Still, in the 21st Century, nearly 85 percent of Indians favor marrying the boy or girl preferred by their parents, rather than choosing their life partners themselves.

In western culture, Love marriages and consented marriages are most common.

8) Live in Relationship

Live in the relationship in Indian culture!

What? No, have you gone mad? This is so shameless…..

Such reactions have come if she/he wants to come to live in relation. Live in relationships are a big NO in India, culturally. As wedding is a very sacred matter, live in relationships are thought as an insult to society and to the family.

In the west, Live in relationship is common and cool. Two characters can live as a couple even without marriage and also be physical with each other. If two people are happy & comfortable with each other then they can be together and can walk away anytime if they are not happy.

Conclusion

So Indian culture is an ancient and traditional culture in the world. Western culture is a modern and advanced culture in the world. Both Indian and Western Culture is best at their places. There is a lot to get from both cultures. For last some decades, Indian culture has been affected by the western culture, and they are using the merits of the western culture like cleanliness, equal rights for both men and women, honesty, etc. which helped in killing the shortcomings of Indian culture. Same as western culture is also becoming an Indian touch about Indian food and yoga.

It is important to know about both the cultures and decide for ourselves what to follow. We hope this article will help you to understand the Indian and western culture. If you like this article then don’t forget to share it with your Peers!

The post Top Difference Between Indian and Western Culture appeared first on Pentoday.

Importance of Internet in Education (Internet as a Teacher)

fUkssrPqs1 — Wed, 10 Oct 2018 12:18:05 +0000

What do you know about the internet? Do you ever used the internet for Study? Internet is a teacher of modern world this line is 100% true. Know How?

The invention of the Internet has brought various advantages in almost every field. The main motive of the Internet is the sharing of information, especially in the Education sector. The Internet has proved to be a boon in the field of Education as it provides fast access to information anywhere in the world. You get tons and tons of information just by pressing a few buttons and browsing across the web. Let us see some major advantages of the Internet in the field of Education.

The Internet is an interconnected network system, which used to transmit data to another network TCP/IP protocols. The internet is referred to as a global communication system. We can say that the internet is like a net that connects internally the whole network where we communicate with each other and send data. It is a secure way to send data and other important documents. We are going to describe, all about the internet.

advantages of internet in education

Things To Read in this Article are-

1. How To study through the internet

2. Required software to access the Internet

3. Some way of online learning

4.The advantage of Internet studies

How To study through the internet:

There are many study material available on the internet. Students now only need their own laptops, who are able to access the information available anywhere in the world, which are convenient for them, using the Internet and then quickly save your notes on your laptop or digital device.

You can learn every subject which you like to read. Like physics, chemistry, math, digital marketing, internet marketing, networking web development, software development etc. There are many websites available for online study.as for example- Edx.org, Archive.org, courser.org, brightstrom.org, cosmolearning.com etc.

Required Equipment for Internet studies:

If you want to study through the internet or online study following equipment is required for internet studies. I will tell you bellow step by step.

An electronic device like Mobile, laptop, or table etc.

Internet connection as broadband or sim card in which data pack is available.

The device may be 3g, 4g or other variants you can use.

Required software to access the Internet:

Many software is available to access the internet. Through which you can directly connect to the internet. Some application list a bellow you can read It.

Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox

Bing

Yahoo

Wow,

Web crawler,

Ask

How will use this software in an online study?

If you have already Installed that software on your computer or mobile. Click on that software and you will connect to the internet. Before connecting with the browser you have to on your data pack.

Otherwise, if you don’t have the software you can install on a device. If you open that application, put the information you required and click the search button.

After that, you can click on any web page to get a result.

Some way of online learning:

In the early days, the student was going to learning in college or school. But you have not bounded to go to school or college to learn something. The online study gives a better option to know the things in video audio and written form.

Some important online learning way.

Communicate with other students

Online training

Make valuable contacts

Research for assignment

Communicate with other students

You can search that students, who are related to that. You can discuss courses and project, or course-specific topic.

Online Training:

You can download the course, note, and video related to your subject.

Online study has a lot of options like practice paper and test series.

Make valuable contact:

Through the internet, you can easily contact, an organization near your study area.

Research for assignment:

You can research our assignment through and you can create a better assignment comparison to another student who does a study in college

The advantage of Internet studies:

Old time study needs a teacher

There are many advantages to online education or internet study.

Variety of program and courses

Lower total cost.

More comfortable learning environment.

Convenience and flexibility

School/College Projects

Using Multimedia

No Age Bracket for Education

Carrier advancement

Variety of program and courses: Higher education provider university or college that provide the online course. The student chooses a different type of course and studies online. University by provided online degree and certificate certified student.

Lower Total cost: the Online course is very affordable compared to a traditional college. It saves your money like tuition fee, book charges and we can say that online education study is very cost less.

More comfortable learning environment :

online study is more comfortable because if you want to go study for collage fist you will be ready to go to college. But, you do online study no requirement to ready .you can take simply mobile or laptop and you can start online education. Internet treats like a teacher to give the right information.

Convenience and flexibility: Online study provides student good opportunity plan and also provide rest time Because online education saves your time which you can take rest. So online is study is very reliable for anyone.

School/College Projects: Internet access can be very useful for completing projects in schools and colleges. As the internet is an ocean of information, which covers almost all the subjects known to humans, one can find necessary information, research work, etc. for someone’s projects.

Using Multimedia: Of course, it is believed that there is more impact on learning and remembering visual data compared to plain text. Therefore, pictures, graphics, animation, pictures, slides, documentaries, etc., appeal more than a plain textbook. Multimedia and Internet access provides children with the opportunity to gain deep knowledge about a specific subject.

No Age Bracket for Education: Online courses offer people of all age groups the opportunity to take the education of their choice according to their likes and wishes. Become a student, a housewife, or a professional, they can just start their own computers, connect to the internet, and take virtual classes.

Carrier advancement:

The student can take a course and complete our degree working with the job. If you do an online study you can support your family with a job. As you complete our degree can increase job positions.

Conclusion:

Nowadays everyone wants to know things in a practical way. For that 3D or 4D classes are provided by school and college for better information. Through the internet, we can easily know about the things we want. For making study easier videos are available.

Particle things have basically low probability of loss. The Internet gives practical knowledge. So, we can say that internet is a teacher of the modern world.

The post Importance of Internet in Education (Internet as a Teacher) appeared first on Pentoday.

Sex education: Benefit , necessity and Side effects

fUkssrPqs1 — Wed, 26 Sep 2018 06:54:51 +0000

image source: neoskosmos.com

Sex education is very important for all age group. In some families parents not explain all sex education topic, which may lead to a big problem for children. Human sexual anatomy is natural So, don’t hide educate your children and society.

What is sex education?

Sex education

The education which relates to human sexuality, emotional relations, sexual anatomy, activity, and reproduction Is known as sex education. Age of consent, reproductive health, rights, safe sex, birth control, and sexual abstinence is a part of Education.

In short, the education in which we read about the sex, sex advantage and disadvantage, process of safe sex etc is called sex education.

After the discovery of sex disease “AIDS”, sex education spread all over the world. Many NGO around the world spread knowledge about the sex or safe sex. Some form of sex education is given at many schools as a part of the curriculum.

There are some sites which provide online sex education, where you receive all information about sex and use the information in best ways.

Importance of sex education

In many cultures were not given any information about sexual matters and the discussion of these issue being considered as misbehaving. It was traditionally left to a child’s parents and often this was put off until just before a child’s marriage.

For teenagers:

pad for information image source: www.dainikprabhat.com

Sex education is very important for the teenagers because it’s that stage was their mind are so sensitive. At this stage almost teenager don’t know about sex and the sex part. If someone harasses them by sex and touching their sex-sensitive part, then they have no idea about this and not complain to anyone.

But if they have knowledge about this, then they complain from their parents or guardian and take action on that person. At this stage, if you do not give the right education about the sex then they make mistake and going for sex before the adult period or other sexual activity like masturbation.

It’s that stage where puberty of boys and girls starts, they grew very fast and their body structure also changes slowly. They attract to each other and fall in love. Love is not a matter but their sex hormone also increases at this stage and then they go for the sex, which affects their career and their life badly. Sex education help teenagers to keep away from the sex or any sexual activity before the adult period and focused only on their career.

For adults:

At this stage, a boy and a girl so much attracted to each other and they also have permission from the government to sex with their partner, if both of them agree. But this stage the excitement of sex are very increased and in the excitement, they try unsafe sex and other things which are harmful to the body.

Sometime in the excitement, the female partner gets pregnant before marriage that affects the life of kid. Which creates a bad impact on society. In the excitement, sometime partner get forced to sex which is a crime.

Sex education for an adult is necessary because some adult wants to live in sexual relationship with more than one partner and sex with them but slowly they are addicted for sex and spoiled their life and their marital relationship.

After marriage sex education helps in the birth control. Sex education gives knowledge to the adult to use of condoms and medicine to control the population.

Sex education is very important for our society but it has some side effects also which effect mostly teenagers. Some of those side effects we describe here:-

Sex education at schools is important but some time it gives bad result in students. They are curious and when that curiosity for the sex increase they misuse.

Most difficult part of sex education is that to decide which age is the right one to talk about sex.

Sex education at school is making a large number of student sex addicted.

Sex education generally educates teenagers regarding safe and unsafe sexual practices. So they apply this information in a bad way.

After sex education at schools, sexual intercourse during school is increasing. The increment in a sexual ratio in school. Boys percentage sex ratio is more than the girl’s ratio.

It increases the interest in sex and encourages unhealthy tendencies in teenagers.

Sex education indirectly increases crime. Because of curiosity of sex in children after sex education.

Benefit Necessity Side effects

1. Prevent from Disease Help in knowing the facts Increase sexual excitement

2. Reduce Kids exploitation If someone tries to molest your kids, they come to you. Some boys are misusing the information

3. Help in Teenager problem 32% kids take education in a bad way

Conclusion:

Sex is an important and very risky part of human life. It makes the life beautiful and also destroys the life. So it’s very important to keep knowledge about sex to save your life. This information, you have to explain in front of children, to protect them.

Sex education for Girls: About menstruation cycle age ( 10 to 15 age).

For kids, if someone gives chocolate and touches the private part, then they directly say to parents.

What is the use of condom, pads and copper T. How and why it is used? if someone try to bad and good perspective, it’s your choice how you can deal with your kids.

Teenagers have to avoid the side effect of sex education. Keep only those information which helps to get the life better.

The post Sex education: Benefit , necessity and Side effects appeared first on Pentoday.

How to choose field of study for better scope?

fUkssrPqs1 — Mon, 17 Sep 2018 11:26:42 +0000

If you forcefully selected study field never gives better result.

Choose a better field of study is more important because the carrier depends upon it. Every person wants success, but how you can achieve that success is the main question?. To achieve your target, you have to do study and planning for that particular scope.

Commonly in our society, everything is manipulated on the basis of others opinion. Due to that, it is difficult for the student to select their field of interest. Generally, in Asian continent countries like China, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, parents decision is forcefully imposed on children.

It is your life, so select the study field according to your choice and capacity. If anyone is suggesting you, listen to his/her advice but follow your own mind. It is a good key to success and can help to achieve any target.

Before taking any decision, follow these three Rules:-

The decision must be taken according to your capacity and ability.

Always select your strong zone field of a stream.

Try to understand another point of views also.

How to select the study field?

study for the better scope

If you stuck on point of scope that means you are not selecting a right field of study. Because everything which exists in this world having a scope no matter it is good or bad.

It is very easy to select, choose the study stream in which your brain feel comfort and you fail to recognize time. Many students have a creative mind, some of them are good in remembering things.

If your catching power or recalling power is strong then a medical field is better for you.

But if you are good at resolving puzzle or having a good mathematical approach then you can select any stream of below stream after 10th.

Math stream

Commerce stream

Science stream

Everyone knows about their strong and weak zone field of study so, select your choice apart from any pressure. A study is a life, So take decision carefully because there is no any way to return after selecting of any field of study.

Math stream

This stream has an ability to gives you a direction in a field of Engineering. For this stream, you need an intelligent mind to do quick works. Math stream has a lot of feature scope. After selecting math you can take any stream of engineering field like computer, mechanical, civil, Electronic and communication branch and more. Every course of b.tech has a different scope. Math stream is a king in study courses. Because without mathmetic are nothing possible.

Commerce stream

Commerce stream is good but It covers basically accounting, economics and related subjects to trade and business. But before selecting commerce stream study field mathematical calculation be require to good.

Related Topic:

Accounting

Tax

Business Economics

Finance

Maths ( hope of higher study CA, ICWAI, CFA )

If you are confuse that which study field better for you, can following tips that will help to choose better scope study fields. you can carefully understand.

Best tips to select better scope study

First you recognized your study skill.

You can select your entrusted subject for study

you may take suggestion academic adviser.

Choose better study fields, you can ask a highly educated person.

You can self consider which study field is best for you.

You can take instruction student community which study field may compatible for you.

Basic academic skills:

Due to good analytical skill, it gives comfort to calculations and number crunching. Time management required for completing the task within a time limit. Good communication and Computing skills are the necessity.

eligibility:

10th pass with good marks.

After 12th class –

Bachelor’s Degree in Commerce (B.Com)

Bachelor’s Degree in Arts (B.A.)

After Graduation –

Chartered Accountancy

Chartered Financial Analyst

Cost Accountancy

Company Secretary

3. Science stream

select field of study

Science field has also a lot of scope from which

Scope with a study of science :

It has two division

applied = engineering and technology/medicine

pure = theoretical

Topic related to this field :

Physics

Chemistry

Mathematics (is optional, but important for other option like engg.)

Biology( is optional, but important for other option like Medicine)

Basic academic skills :

Comfort with science along with patients due to long study duration. the Properties of an object by using your senses needed for observing. Having good measurement and estimation skill.

Eligibility :

10th pass with Science

12th pass with

Bachelor’s Degree in Science (B.Sc/ B.E / B.Tech)

Bachelor’s Degree in Medicine & Surgery (MBBS)

After Graduation

Doctor of Medicine ( MD.)

How to select, which one is good for you?

study for the better scope

How to select, which one is good for you?

Select matches with your skill ( passionate study )

Commerce is less stressful than science and math.

Can’t change commerce stream after 12th, but it is easy in science and math.

Still, any confusion then focuses on every subject which is provided in the 10th syllabus. After giving the final exam of 10th, meet with the person who is already in that stream or read online books about both the subjects. That help you to abstract your field of study.

Science has more option than commerce. Both are different than each other but both contain a good scope.

Ending word

I have explained complete information about, How to choose the field of study for the better scope? Because selection is very important for every for any kind of the stream. If you select the wrong study stream then the result will be wrong. So If you are confused about selection, then you can take advice or suggestion to a highly educated person. I hope this article can help to select the right stream.

The post How to choose field of study for better scope? appeared first on Pentoday.

Natural Disaster: types and impact in human life

fUkssrPqs1 — Tue, 11 Sep 2018 07:09:12 +0000

I know that you have heard about the disasters but when it happens in human life, you have thought that what impact of the disasters on human life. And what they lose from this hazards. You see this and understand then you can able to do precautions over these hazards.

Disaster is the natural hazards which affect the human life.

Natural Disaster

disaster due to fire image source: www.irishtimes.com

Any kind of exposure which may cause property, human and many more things is known as “Natural Disaster”. In another way, Disaster means that any type of misshaping on the Earth that damages or causes the natural beauty, properties damage, loss of lives is also termed as “Natural Disaster”.

The Impact of Natural disasters on Human

Population displacements: One of the effective disasters in population displacement. when countries are harassed by the earthquake or any other powerful disaster, all people search for the safe place from there they can get rescue.

Health risk: In the natural disaster, many people take the risk for their families to reach safe places. But, in this situation water effects on the health of human from waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitos.

Loss of agriculture supplies: After the natural disaster, millions of people in the world go hungry because destroy of crops or you can say a loss of agriculture supplies. It damages the development of child also.

Emotional for loved ones: In disasters like earthquakes, landslide, tsunami, thunderstorm many people died in these. And people felt emotional for their loved ones in this situation.

There are three types of natural disasters which have sub parts also:

Geological disasters

Hydrological disasters

Meteorological disasters

1. Geological disasters

Avalanches and landslides

According to me, the wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, slope failures, mudflows ( the soil or mass of rocks converted into liquid ) and debris flows (it include masses of soil and small pieces of rocks) are the terms of a landslide.

And, “Avalanches” which is known as “snowslide”. An avalanche is a large amount of snow layer in the snowpack that discharges and slides down to downwards of the mountains when triggered. Avalanche quickly combined snow and triggered in the heavy element which affects the nature so much.

Earthquakes

boy lost his family due to earth quake

The movement on a surface of the Earth is known as quake or we can say that as “Earthquakes”. Earthquakes break the rocks and sudden movements in the surface of the earth with harmful energy.

Sinkholes

Anything which is caused by water erosion or the surface of water disappears underground known as “Sinkholes”.

Volcanic eruptions

The eruptions which occur from a stream of gas and ash. And the violent discharges of volcanic material like lava, rock, dust, and gas are known as ” Volcanic eruption”.

2. Hydrological disasters

Floods

The water which is overflow on the dry land. And at sometimes the water bodies get flushed like river, lake, or ocean are described as “Flood”.

Limnic eruptions

It causes due to excess amount of CO2 in lake water, looks like a gas bubble (ex. fom).

Tsunami

The meaning of Tsunami is “Harbor wave”. The peak range of waves which occurs from volcanic eruptions or earthquake and movement or shaking of the surface in the sea are known as “Tsunami”.

3. Meteorological disasters

destruction by nature   image source: slideplayer.com

Blizzards

The term is characterized as heavy snow, powerful winds, and low temperature and low visibility are known as “Blizzards”.

Cyclonic storms

In general term, it is a variety of low pressure like tropical cyclones and this also known as “hurricanes” and “typhoons”.

Droughts

The shortage of water or low rainfall on the surface of the earth is known as “Droughts”.

Thunderstorms

Thunder means lightning and it occurs due to heavy rainfall or hail. It is a harmful effect for Earth atmosphere known as “thunderstorm”.

Heat waves

The heat waves define as a period of abnormal or uncomfort like humid weather. If we see in meteorology, the heat waves have a maximum temperature for than five consecutive days, it exceeds 9 degrees from the normal temperature.

Tornadoes

These are so violent and it is a column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. This hazard is from the surface of the earth to the base of a cumulus cloud. They can destroy heavy materials like buildings, flyovers, uproot trees and many more. This is known as “Tornadoes”.

The disasters which damage the natural beauty.

It also destroys the life of all living beings that are on the earth and in water too. Some disasters have more power to destroy but from this, you can understand and take precautions to live a long life.

The post Natural Disaster: types and impact in human life appeared first on Pentoday.

What is science and how it is related to technology ?

fUkssrPqs1 — Tue, 28 Aug 2018 07:55:27 +0000

Science is not created or invented by any individual person. It is just happen over time due to curious needs of human. In ancient time human need fire for their safety and they find. They needed swords from their protection from animal.

Protecting yourself with the help of Technics and technology is define as science. Science definition not contain a fix clarity because the boundaries of it is not limited. If you want to see the real touch of ancient time tools then visit science museum.

It is the keenness of human effort to know more about natural world. Observation of natural phenomena through experimentation to judge the real cause of occurrence. Some time we have a lot of things to search why it occur , that why is science.

Science and technology are two different things but the connection between them is important. Technology is developed on the basis of science, if you don’t have any to search then what you suppose to do.

Explain science & technology through example.

science and technology

We all know that Rats, weasels, snakes, and centipedes reportedly left their homes before Earthquake. That means they find any sign before the occurrence.

Now, science gives a reason why is it so?

You are also think why it is happen, that curiosity is known as science. It is better to understand these things through an Example.

According to experiments, it is proved that ecologist observing power of these animals are higher than human. Before earthquake, disturbance of fossils and chemical reaction in earth core leads a vibration. That indicates the occurrence of Earthquake.

If, you find the reason of occurrence and you made something which protect from that is technology. Human makes Seismometer which detect earth vibration, is a part of technology.

Type of Science:

Due to wider area of working it hard to hold all topic in a single frame. So, it is divided into many subdivision.

Ecology

It contain the information related to earth, (Eco + Logic ) Eco means environment and logic means concept. The branch of biology that gives the relations of organisms to one another. Example- draws nourishment from the air and from the ground.

Oceanography

(ocean + write )Branch of science which deals with physical and biological properties of Sea ecosystem. Example-chemical oceanographers study,chemical interaction of seawater.

Geology

(Geo + logic) Geo means earth. Study of earth occurring problem and their changes.Example-study of earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions.

Meteorology

It is also a branch of science which deals with weather forecast.Example- Absolute humidity,Absolute temperature,Absorption hygrometer,Actual pressure

Zoology

The scientific study of animals behaviour, structure, physiology, classification.

Human biology

Branch of science which deals in human health and the chemical changes in body. Example-physiology, anthropology, and nutrition

Botany

Botany is the study of plant life, life cycle and their growth rate.

Science Fiction ( possibilities of possibility and impossibility )

center of science

In Today’s world we all want to know about Science fiction is the side dark science in which people don’t know about it clearly.Their will be always a possibility of happening and mishappening. Scientist and engineering together they are performing on spaceflight,, and extraterrestrial life.

It is a phase of science in which we have idea to reach their but it is temporary stop due to their unfortunate results.

“Sci-Fi”

In 2nd century AD by the Hellenized Syrian, provided many themes and tropes that are characteristic of modern science fiction. Example – travel to other worlds,extraterrestrial lifeforms,artificial life

Many movies and novels was written on the principle of Fiction. Some movies based on “Sci-Fi”- Edge of Tomorrow, Interstellar,Ex Machina, Attack The Block and many more. Books like Artemis, Children of time,The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress,Robopocalypse.

In every county due to importance of science, Science center was established . The main benefit is that common people will also share their invention.

Science diet is a list animal food and their care techniques. Within the first couple of weeks, there was a major difference in my dog body to protect that Science diet.

Conclusion :

Science is the main root of technology on which concepts are aimed to be.

Science and Engineering practices together to create new revolution. Both are incomplete without each other. Powerful and reliable knowledge generated by science, it helps in treatment of diseases. Because it is hidden every where.

According to time, science is continually refining and expanding. It is global participation of people, you can too!

The post What is science and how it is related to technology ? appeared first on Pentoday.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two operands	A + B will give 30
–	Subtracts second operand from the first	A – B will give -10
*	Multiply both operands	A * B will give 200
/	Divide numerator by the denominator	B / A will give 2
%	Modulus Operator and the remainder of after a division	B % A will give 0

Operator	Same as	Description
X=Y	X=Y	Left side operand gets to set the value of assignment expression of the right side.
X+=y	X=X+Y	Addition
X-=Y	X=X-Y	Subtraction
X*=Y	X=X*Y	Multiplication
X/=Y	X=X/Y	Division
X%=Y	X=X%Y	Modulus

Operator	Name	Description
++$a	Pre-increment	Increments $a by one, then returns $a
$a++	Post-increment	Returns $a, then increments $a by one
–$a	Pre-decrement	Decrements $a by one, then returns $a
$a–	Post-decrement	Returns $a, then decrements $a by one

Archaic Indian languages	Common Indian languages
Vedic literature	Indian Persian literature
Epic Sanskrit literature	English literature from North East India
Classical Sanskrit literature	Hindi literature, English literature, Urdu literature,
Prakrit literature	Every state of India having different literature i.e. Bhojpuri (In Bihar), Panjabi (In Punjab), Tamil (In Tamil Nadu)
Pali literature	Assamese, Bengali, Chhattisgarhi, Gujarati, Kodava literature and many more like Telugu, Sindhi, Odia, Mizo.

Benefit	Necessity	Side effects
1. Prevent from Disease	Help in knowing the facts	Increase sexual excitement
2. Reduce Kids exploitation	If someone tries to molest your kids, they come to you.	Some boys are misusing the information
3. Help in Teenager problem		32% kids take education in a bad way

Education Archives - Pentoday

PHP Short Notes(complete basic information)

What is Php

There are three main uses of PHP

Characteristic of Php

Php in Web Development

How to Install Php

PHP Parser Installation

Apache Configuration

PHP.INI File Configuration

Windows IIS Configuration

Syntax of PHP

PHP Variable Types

Php Data Types

Variable Scope

Variable Naming

Php Operator Types

Php Loops

Php Functions

Php user-defined functions

Passing Arguments by Reference

Php Arrays

Literature in india ( From Vedic Era Till Today )

The time period of origin of Indian Literature Era

Vedic literature (1500–1200 BCE)

The Historical literature part of Vedic India

Rigvedic Period of Literature

Mantra Language/Literature

Change word

Samhita prose( Before or since Vedic era)

Brahmana prose(Focus on Chhandas, Precise pitch)

Sutra language( c.500 B.C.E)

Epic and Paninian Sanskrit (Post Vedic)

A quick look at Changing Indian Literature

Epic Sanskrit literature

Classical Sanskrit literature

Sub-division of classical literature

1.Prakrit literature

2. Pali literature

Pali Literature Categories

Theravada Canon

The Pāli Canon is classified into three Pitakas

Contemporary Literature

Dalit Literature

Progressive Literature

Importance of Technology in Education

According to student need

Learning New Things

New Teacher demands It

Easy to study

Time-saving

Online Examination

Multiple resources of education

Technology is necessary to succeed in primary or secondary education

Technology made game-based learning education platform

Conclusion-

The importance of education in society and its an advantage

Carrier Advancement-

Character Building-

The backbone of society-

An advantage of education-

Employment-

Responsibility-

Discipline-

Conclusion

Top Difference Between Indian and Western Culture

1)Dressing Style

2) Dance Forms

3) Languages

4) Festivals

5) Food

6) Equality

7) Marriages

8) Live in Relationship

Conclusion

Importance of Internet in Education (Internet as a Teacher)

How To study through the internet:

Required Equipment for Internet studies:

Required software to access the Internet:

How will use this software in an online study?